Commercial Property

Herrington Carmichael is a full service law firm offering legal advice to UK and international businesses as well as individuals and families.
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Commercial Property

Our Commercial Property Lawyers act for businesses and individuals in the purchase, asset management and sale of Commercial Property including offices, retail, industrial leisure, and mixed use property.

We can advise on Property Investment, Secured Lending, Business Leases and Disputes when they arise. By understanding our clients’ intentions from the beginning of transactions, we seek to protect their long-term interests.

Our Commercial Property Team are experts in helping our clients in the acquisition and disposal of all types of Commercial Property including offices, industrial units, retail or hospitality premises and anything in between. We act for both domestic and international owners and occupiers of Commercial Properties including investors, PLC's, start-ups, trusts, and charities.

Our Landlord and Tenant Lawyers at Herrington Carmichael offer a wide range of legal services to assist in all areas of Landlord and Tenant Law, dealing with Commercial Property matters across all sectors. We act for domestic and international owners and occupiers of Commercial Properties, investors, PLCs, start-ups, enterprises, trusts and charity landlords and tenants.

Our team provides pragmatic, commercial and high-quality advice to both Landlord and Tenants in respect of business leases and other Commercial Property arrangements.

Our lawyers are assertive Litigators and experienced Negotiators. We can advise you of your options to achieve a resolution of your Property Dispute which may include Court Proceedings, Arbitration, Mediation and other Dispute Resolution alternatives.

Where Litigation is inevitable, cases are pursued with both vigour and pragmatism.

Our Commercial Landlord & Tenant Disputes team can assist you with all kinds of lease and property related disputes including:

  • 1954 Act Business Tenancy Litigation
  • Rent and Service Charge Arrears, including issues of Tenant Insolvency
  • Possession Proceedings
  • Insolvency advice to property clients, negotiating with Administrators and Liquidators.
  • Advice concerning defective premises and construction disputes
  • End of Lease and Dilapidations Disputes
  • Contractual disputes including Mistake, Misrepresentation, Rectification, Enforcement of Option Agreements, etc
  • Advice concerning practical solutions to property problems such as peaceable re-entry and other self-help remedies

Our Collective Enfranchisement Team at Herrington Carmichael is able to work quickly and cost-effectively to offer you a detailed understanding of this (often complex) area of law.

Our team can help you to establish whether you qualify to initiate a Collective Enfranchisement Claim, or can take you through the process of responding to a Right of First Refusal offer ('Section 5 Offer') from your Landlord.

Our team of specialist Property Solicitors regularly work alongside groups of tenants to provide comprehensive expert advice and support with Collective and Leasehold Enfranchisements.

All Construction or Development Projects of any size will invariably involve a number of different parties with numerous different legal agreements. It is crucial for the smooth running of a project to get an early grasp on what will be required, what basis the parties will be contracting with one another are, and what level of Contractual Protection there is.

Whether you are starting out in the Construction Industry and require strategic legal advice on the various procurement options, or you are an experienced property developer seeking legal advice on complex developments, we have the experience and knowledge to help.

  • Advice on all standard form construction contracts (including JCT and NEC)
  • Drafting bespoke construction contracts including main contracts, sub-contracts, project management contracts
  • Collateral Warranties
  • Development procurement options (design and build contracts, standard build contracts)
  • Development agreements
  • Project management agreements
  • Joint venture construction agreements
  • Letters of intent
  • Security documentation – Advice for funders
  • Advice around the Buildings Act, CDM Regulations and similar legal requirements.

We work closely with other teams in the firm, in particular our Construction, Corporate and Banking, and Real Estate Dispute Resolution teams, so that we offer a multi-disciplinary service to advise clients on the best way of structuring and financing any given transaction.

At Herrington Carmichael, we also recognise the importance of working alongside our client's other professional advisors, with pro-active advice and support every step of the way.

Our team of expert property investment solicitors act for clients in all aspects of the property sector, including commercial and residential developers, investors and housing associations across various property sectors including offices, industrial, retail, leisure & hospitality, pharmaceutical, life sciences, energy and technology.

We have a dedicated team of dispute lawyers with a range of expertise and experience dealing with property & construction disputes.

We advise on a wide range of land disputes acting for developers, property investors, landowners, tenants, neighbours, professional advisors and other individuals. Our expertise in all forms of Dispute Resolution makes us well placed to advise on complex and high value cases to the more modest claims.

We represent clients in the courts, property tribunals, in adjudication and use alternative dispute resolution procedures, including mediation, to resolve disputes. We understand your concerns to avoid the expense and distraction that disputes can bring and we will work with you to find a solution to your problem.

  • Adverse Possession claims
  • Commercial Landlord & Tenant disputes
  • Construction Disputes – loss and delay
  • Disputes concerning overage and option agreements
  • Development Site Disputes
  • Easements, rights of way and other impediments to land development
  • Party wall disputes
  • Professional Negligence claims against professionals throughout the strategic land acquisition and development processes
  • Residential Landlord & Tenant disputes
  • Restrictive Covenants
  • Title and boundary disputes

Our real estate development finance and secured lending team have industry recognised expertise and regularly advises clients on a full range of complex property financing transactions and arrangements.

We are experienced in drafting and advising on documentation based on LMA standards, bank standard documents, complex security suites (including overseas) and multi-currency lending arrangements.

We manage transactions from start to finish, ensuring a smooth and cohesive process which facilitates commencement to completion in a quick and timely fashion. We will invest the time upfront with you to understand your standard internal facility documentation and security requirements. Our expertise includes:

  • Bridging finance
  • Development finance
  • Prioritisation of loans
  • Property acquisition and investment finance
  • Property refinancing
  • Refurbishment loans – heavy and light
  • Short term loan funding
  • Sale and leaseback structures

Alongside our corporate and commercial teams, we are able to offer advice on:

  • Loan agreements
  • Floating charges
  • Debentures
  • Guarantees, security over building contracts and other finance documentation

Our specialist retail property lawyers have a wealth of experience in dealing with the full life cycle of retail assets, in particular active portfolio management. Our retail property solicitors can provide swift, pragmatic advice which is underpinned by a comprehensive understanding of the retail market and is fully tailored to both landlord and tenant clients' commercial needs.

Key contact

Liz Hailey PNG
Liz Hailey
Partner, Head of Real Estate

What our clients say about us

We were very impressed with the service provided by Herrington Carmichael. Michelle & Siddhartha were highly responsive and provided clear, professional advice throughout the process of our director's loan conversion. Their support with our company secretarial requirements was excellent, and we would highly recommend their services.

We needed urgent assistance and you delivered way beyond expectations. Really appreciate you, Chris, Sophie and Samuel, and all your teams effort.

I would highly recommend using the services of Samuel and the Herrington Carmichael Team. The expertise was consistent from my initial contact through to completion. Working against time constraints, the communication, responsiveness and due diligence from Samuel was first class.

We appointed Herrington Carmichael to act for us in the sale of our Chartered Financial Planning business. From the outset, we were impressed with Alex and Lucinda's professionalism. This impression was backed up by helpful and knowledgeable support from them and their team throughout the sale process. All aspects of the sale discussions were dealt with carefully and efficiently, resulting in a satisfactory outcome for us as sellers.

Joel and his team are an absolute pleasure to work with. From day one to completion, they were totally engaged in the sale process to ensure the best possible outcome for us as individuals. Their wise counsel throughout the process was invaluable, and I wouldn't hesitate to recommend them.

I have worked with Joel and his team on two acquisitions, on both occasions he has been professional, knowledgeable and approachable. He is able to explain the process in layman’s terms, clearly differentiating between the preferred and essential in contract negotiations. I wouldn’t hesitate to use or recommend Joel's services again.

I recently completed the sale of my business. Herrington Carmichael acted on my behalf, and my contact was Joel Gocool. Joel and his team were magnificent. I had one point of contact throughout the process, which made everything much easier. Joel was very easy to get on with, attentive, and promptly answered questions or queries. The advice I received was balanced, and Joel helped me to navigate my way through the warranties and indemnities, making the journey as easy as possible for me. I would like to thank him and his team for their very professional assistance throughout and would not hesitate to recommend the Firm to other business owners.

This was the first time we had worked with Herrington Carmichael, and we were extremely happy with our experience. We found Joel to be helpful, always on time for meetings, flexible and his legal knowledge was very good. We completed on a very tight schedule and Joel addressed all the key issues to make this happen. Joel is very easy to get on with and a pleasure to work with. We would strongly recommend him and highly recommend the firm to others.

I would like to express my thanks to Harry Winkley, Joel Gocool and the team at Herrington Carmichael for their pro-active approach in our recent acquisition to the Surelock McGill Group of companies. A smooth transition working closely and professional within our set parameters, also within predicted budget. Many Thanks to the full team at HC.

I recently sold my business. I was advised to use HC as they have experience in selling financial advisory companies. I have been delighted with the work that they did. They were thorough and quick to engage, and from a cost perspective, they met the quote that they had given at the outset. Most importantly, it was imperative that, with a relatively short window to operate in, we got the deal over the line before the new tax year... we completed on the 31st March. I am so pleased with all Joel and Dylan have done and would recommend HC highly.

We recently worked with Joel Gocool and Dylan Cutifani on the successful completion of our Management Buyout (MBO). Throughout the process, they provided clear advice and guided us confidently through what was a complex process. Their attention to detail, commercial understanding, and responsiveness helped ensure the deal progressed smoothly and efficiently. We particularly valued their ability to explain legal matters in straightforward terms and their proactive approach to resolving issues that arose. We would have no hesitation in recommending Joel or Dylan to any business considering an MBO.

I cannot thank Joel, Dylan and the wider Herrington Carmichael team enough for their outstanding support throughout the sale of my shares. What should have been a straightforward transaction became far more complex and protracted than anyone anticipated, with numerous delays and challenges along the way. Throughout the process, Joel and Dylan remained calm, professional, responsive and completely committed to achieving the best possible outcome for me. They provided clear, practical advice, kept me informed at every stage and worked tirelessly to keep the transaction moving forward despite repeated obstacles. Their attention to detail, persistence and ability to navigate difficult negotiations gave me complete confidence that my interests were being protected at all times.

Beyond their legal expertise, what stood out most was their genuine support. This was a stressful and emotionally draining transaction, and there were times when I felt like giving up. Joel and Dylan were always there to provide reassurance, explain the next steps and ensure I never felt that I was facing the process alone. I am incredibly grateful for their professionalism, dedication and perseverance in bringing the transaction to a successful conclusion. I would have no hesitation in recommending Joel, Dylan and Herrington Carmichael to anyone looking for solicitors who combine exceptional legal expertise with outstanding client care.

Joel and the team at HC provided exceptional support throughout what was a complex and high-value transaction. Their calm, pragmatic approach and commercial understanding gave me confidence at every stage of the process. Joel’s communication was clear and consistent, and he was always there to support me and reassure me at all hours and he always made sure my priorities were fully protected while maintaining momentum to completion.

I would have no hesitation in recommending Joel and HC to anyone seeking experienced, commercially minded legal support for an investment process or business sale.

Alex Canham and Joel Gocool are a delight to deal with and form a highly efficient team. They have gone the extra mile in our negotiations.

I recently used Herrington Carmichael Solicitors for the sale of a house and was very impressed with the service. This is the second time I’ve used them, and once again the team were polite, efficient, and kept me well informed throughout the whole process. Communication was clear and timely, which made everything run smoothly and stress-free. I would happily recommend them to anyone looking for reliable and professional solicitors.

Over the period Oct. to Dec.’25, Herrington-Carmichael supported us with regard to the closure of an employer-managed pension scheme. Mark Chapman provided excellent guidance and documentation to ensure that the overall project was correctly completed in the required time-frame. I would not hesitate to recommend Herrington-Carmichael as a partner to provide support with any legal matters.

I have had the pleasure of working with Liz on several complex property purchases, including overseas-based companies and legal opinions, commercial leases analysis, building contracts assignments and collateral warranties. On each occasion, Liz has acted promptly, kept me appraised of the progress and demonstrated excellent commercial awareness and professionalism in dealing with clients’ solicitors. I have no hesitation in recommending Liz for all property-related legal matters.

Their expertise has been invaluable to us as landlords for all sorts of disputes and lease extensions, which can be a minefield. These matters are always dealt with extremely well. It is hard not to praise them too highly, to be honest, as in all of my dealings, I can say that I have always had a very positive outcome.

The real estate team at Herrington Carmichael has expertise in advising on development work, including acting for lenders in the development sector, working with banking institutions, undertaking agricultural matters and advising on leasehold and enfranchisement issues.

The team at Herrington Carmichael are responsive and reliable and provides an exceptional service to us. There is a strong level of ownership from the team, and they go the extra mile to ensure that there is a thorough examination of each transaction and that our interests are always protected.

The Real Estate team at Herrington Carmichael delivered their expertise in a pragmatic and commercial way, maintaining a professional and responsive approach throughout. They provided clear, commercially informed guidance and took a highly structured approach to coordinating the requirements of the transaction and our development strategy. I extend my sincere appreciation to Liz and her team for their sustained commitment to excellence and for their invaluable support in bringing this project to a successful exchange for Storage King. We are pleased to regard you as a trusted and valuable part of our professional team.

I have worked with Herrington Carmichael and Liz Hailey for many years. The recent purchase of a development site for a new home was particularly complicated, involving complex title issues on a large multi-use site, planning considerations, development agreements, easements, collateral warranties and guarantees.......Thank you to all the team at HC for your continued excellence and your support in concluding these exciting new projects for DMP...

The Real Estate team at Herrington Carmichael were excellent in dealing with this transaction; they delivered their expertise in a pragmatic and commercial way, maintaining a professional and responsive approach throughout. They provided clear, commercially informed guidance, and took a highly structured approach to coordinating the requirements of our lender, the transaction as a whole and our development strategy. I'd like to thank Liz and the team for all their support in helping the Chartwell Group successfully complete the transaction. We really appreciated their guidance and look forward to working with them again in the future.

I cannot thank your dispute resolution team enough for all your help. Once again, it was a pleasure dealing with you and should we ever have the misfortune to have to use your services, I would be very confident making that choice.

The firm has a wealth of knowledge and experience and is able to handle all types of issues that I have presented to them. They are easy to contact, and you certainly feel looked after and that you are in capable hands.

Stephen Baker is an experienced and commercially astute litigator who is dedicated to the interests of his clients and has the ability to deal with the most demanding and difficult of clients while still retaining a cheerful and engaged demeanour.

This practice stands out not just for the quality of legal advice, but for its responsiveness, consistency, and ability to build lasting relationships.

What truly sets them apart is their commitment to collaboration and innovation. They not only provide expert legal guidance but also take the initiative to educate our members on the latest legal developments, demonstrating a proactive investment in their clients' success.

Working with the team at Herrington Carmichael makes it easy for me to do my job, knowing that I am working with a trusted and reliable partner who has taken the time to understand my business. The team are responsive and communicate clearly at all times, and I know the work will be done right, with my business interests at the forefront of their considerations.

The partner in charge, Mark Chapman, was exceptional. Our issues were unique and we had to change direction several times, but the team always responded well, bringing in the new specialist skills as needed. I think that is the standout quality; adaptability.

The advice and guidance provided to us by the corporate and commercial team at Herrington Carmichael has proved invaluable over the past few years. The team work closely together to provide a consistently high standard of work and sound legal advice. They are available when we need them, exceptionally knowledgeable and approachable. Knowing our company so well, they can provide high-quality legal advice that is suitably tailored to our commercial needs and risk appetite.

My experience of working with Cesare and his team has been a pleasure, the advice was clear, precise and commercially astute and the draft contracts etc were delivered to a very tight programme. We appreciated the attention to detail whilst always being mindful of the agreed budget.

Working with Cesare and the team at Herrington Carmichael on a recent commercial contract has been a very positive experience for us at Ecrebo. The team were professional, knowledgeable and able to pick up on specific nuances relative to our business very quickly. We are pleased with the end result and would recommend the team at HC.

Mark and the team at Herrington Carmichael guided us through a period of high complexity and ambiguity at launch. They simplified our situation, offering clear and straightforward advice, which has laid the foundation for our growth. I would recommend the team to anyone seeking advice on cross-border commerce.

We’ve had an outstanding experience working with Herrington Carmichael who have been instrumental in helping our business protect its registered trade marks. From day one, they demonstrated a clear understanding of the importance of brand protection and took a thorough, strategic, and practical approach to securing our intellectual property

Mark, Edie, and the team were excellent throughout our software company demerger. At the outset, the scope of work was not entirely clear, but they took the time to explain the legal aspects of the process and provided a clear shopping list of the documents that might be needed, together with quotes for each item. This helped us understand the importance and cost of each piece of work and decide what to prioritise and in what order. They then supported us with key documentation, including a new EULA for one of the newly created company's products and novation agreements to transfer customers and suppliers to the new entities. Their advice was clear, practical, and commercially focused throughout, and they handled the whole process with professionalism and efficiency. I would have no hesitation in recommending them.

Excellent level of service provided by Alex, Joel and the team. Our sale was not particularly straightforward, quality advice provided in a timely manner. I am not sure we could have completed our sale without them. Would highly recommend!

A big thank you to Alex and his team in particular Melissa who worked diligently and at all times looked to serve our best interests. They were constantly available to provide reassuring advice through a sometimes difficult transaction and fraught period. Despite the tight deadlines and significant workload I was delighted with their performance.

We have worked with Alex Canham and Melissa Deutrom at Herrington Carmichael on two separate acquisitions together with numerous general corporate activities. We have always found them to be highly responsive, timely and accurate. We would definitely recommend them to other financial services companies like ours.

Ed manages to combine the legal and practical aspects of a disposal with consummate ease and it certainly makes my life a lot easier knowing that he is dealing with the legals on my behalf!

Both Alex Canham and Edward Beedham provide clear advice and are very responsive which is invaluable when dealing with time pressured situations.

We were very impressed with the service provided by Herrington Carmichael. Michelle & Siddhartha were highly responsive and provided clear, professional advice throughout the process of our director's loan conversion. Their support with our company secretarial requirements was excellent, and we would highly recommend their services.

We have been with Herrington Carmichael for many years and we always receive excellent and timely advice, as well as all the practical support necessary to run our small limited management company efficiently. Charges are clear and reasonable. It’s always easy to communicate and replies are swift and helpful. Named individuals take a personal interest.

Mimosa Court Residents Company Limited

Having worked closely with Yavan and the team for several years now, this re-finance project was particularly important for Futura – allowing us to continue with our steep growth trajectory without compromising our focus on service excellence and continual improvement. In such a fast-paced environment, it is essential for us to work with key strategic partners like Herrington Carmichael, who have a deep understanding of our business, people and aspirations.

We instructed the banking team at Herrington Carmichael on a complex and difficult banking transaction with a tight turnaround. Yavan and Chris met the challenge and they helped us to understand the key sticking and contentious points with great clarity, and simplified the process for us. Chris and Yavan had a consistent focus on our end goal throughout, and worked hard to help us achieve it. It has been a real pleasure working with them, and I would not hesitate to recommend them!

Yavan and team supported us through the process ensuring we had the right level of guidance and regulatory control for every decision through this process, we felt fully supported and couldn’t have achieved the outcome without them.

We appointed Herrington Carmichael to act for us in the sale of our Chartered Financial Planning business. From the outset we were impressed with Alex and Lucinda's professionalism. This impression was backed up by helpful and knowledgeable support from them and their team throughout the sale process. All aspects of the sale discussions were dealt with carefully and efficiently resulting in a satisfactory outcome for us as sellers.

We would like to express my thanks for the work carried out by Alex, Lucinda and the entire team at Herrington Carmichael during a recent transaction.....Their clear communication, thoroughness, and proactive approach ensured the transaction was completed as smoothly and efficiently as possible. It was a pleasure working with them. They went above and beyond to safeguard our interests and provide clear guidance. We felt supported at all times, thanks to their commitment and expertise. Based on our experience, we would have no hesitation in recommending Alex, Lucinda and the entire team at Herrington Carmichael to others seeking a reliable, knowledgeable, and dedicated legal resource.

Client

First class service, with great communications all along, I liked the way the DD report came in under a traffic light style format to highlight those higher risk areas, and when the pressure was on at the very end, Beth and Chris went above and beyond to make sure this one could happen on Tuesday. We (well, Chris and Beth) got it over the line by lunchtime on Tuesday. Thank you once again, Team Herrington, for the professional, human, and reassuring approach.

Simon Arnold
Finance Director, Grundon Waste Management Ltd
The firm has a wealth of knowledge and experience and is able to handle all types of issues that I have presented to them. They are easy to contact and you certainly feel looked after and that you are in capable hands.

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Meet our experts

Dedicated professionals ready to assist you.

Liz Hailey PNG
Liz Hailey
Partner, Head of Real Estate
Tim-Hardesty-PNG
Tim Hardesty
Partner
Jamie-Lynch-PNG
Jamie Lynch
Partner
Rachel Duncan PNG
Rachel Duncan
Partner
Edward Jones PNG
Edward Jones
Partner
mellisa v2
Claire McSorley
Legal Director
mellisa v2
Hayley Moore
Legal Director
Anna Svensson PNG
Anna Svensson
Senior Solicitor
Thomas-Joucan-PNG
Thomas Joucan
Solicitor
Sophie Darwish PNG
Sophie Darwish
Solicitor
Amery Harilal PNG
Amery Harilal
Solicitor
Charlotte Keeper PNG
Charlotte Keeper
Solicitor
mellisa v2
Hannah Clouting
Solicitor
Charlotte Harris PNG
Charlotte Harris
Solicitor, Real Estate
Abbie Bellinger PNG
Abbie Bellinger
Plot Sales Supervisor
Lisa Kennelly PNG
Lisa Kennelly
Paralegal

Frequently Asked Questions

Find answers to your most pressing questions about our services and processes.

When a seller instructs us to act for them in relation to the sale of their commercial property, they are sometimes unaware of the legal procedure involved in a sale, and also the documentation that will be required from them in order to satisfy a buyer.

We have therefore produced this summary as a brief guide to the documentation required from a seller, and as an overview of the sale process once a seller instructs a solicitor.

What is the Sale Process?

  1. At the start of the transaction, we will send out a draft contract to the buyer’s solicitor, together with copies of the Land Registry title documents for the property and copies of the various documents listed below in the “What documents should I provide to my solicitor?” section.
  2. If you have a mortgage secured against the property, we will liaise with your lender to obtain a redemption statement to check that the sale proceeds from the property will be sufficient to redeem the mortgage.
  3. The buyer’s solicitor will review the draft contract and supporting paperwork provided by us, undertake searches on the property, and raise enquiries with us on the documentation. If the buyer is getting a mortgage to fund the purchase, the buyer’s solicitor will also need to satisfy any requirements of the buyer’s lender.
  4. We will reply to the buyer’s solicitor’s enquiries on your behalf (after taking your instructions) and once the buyer is satisfied with our responses (and any requirements imposed by the buyer’s lender have been met), the parties can then proceed to exchange of contracts.
  5. On exchange of contracts, the buyer will pay a deposit to us and the completion date will be fixed.
  6. On completion, the buyer will pay the balance of the purchase price to us. With these funds, we will pay any sum required to redeem your mortgage to your lender and then send the balance of the sale proceeds to you (less any costs such as your agent’s fees, which we can arrange to pay on your behalf).
  7. Once the sale has completed, the buyer’s solicitor will submit an application to the Land Registry to register the buyer as the owner of the property.

There are a number of documents that you will need to provide when selling your commercial property, including the following:

  1. Replies to Commercial Property Standard Enquiries (CPSEs). CPSEs are a set of standard questions, which sellers are asked to provide answers to when they sell their commercial property. It is important that the CPSEs are answered accurately, as a buyer is entitled to rely on the responses, and if there is an incorrect reply, the buyer could sue the seller for misrepresentation.
  2. Planning and Building Regulations Documentation. If you have copies of any planning permissions or certificates of lawful use relating to the property, these should be provided to the buyer. In addition, any building regulations certificates should also be included.
  3. Asbestos Survey. If the property is of a certain age, you are legally required to check for the presence of asbestos, and to produce an ongoing management plan. This should be provided to the buyer.
  4. Fire Risk Assessment. If you are responsible for a commercial property, you should undertake a fire risk assessment and this should be provided to the buyer.
  5. Energy Performance Certificate. Usually the agent will provide an EPC to the buyer as part of the marketing process. However, it is useful to supply us with a copy of the EPC, which we can pass on to the buyer’s solicitor.
  6. Any other documentation relevant to the property, for example:
    • Air conditioning maintenance records
    • Health and safety file
    • Electrical and/or gas test certificates
    • Details of business rates and any other costs the buyer would be liable for as owner of the property

To avoid delays in the sale transaction, it is important that this documentation is provided to the buyer as soon as possible. Whilst the above list sets out common items required by a buyer, there may also be other documentation required, which is relevant to a particular property transaction.

Searches enable buyers to learn as much as they can about a property before committing to the purchase. Anything unexpected which is revealed can be raised with the seller pre-exchange, with a view to resolving or renegotiating the purchase price or other terms of the transaction. Therefore, sellers need to be equally aware of the importance of searches when selling commercial property.

If you are taking out a mortgage to purchase the property, your lender will likely require at least a Local Search, Drainage & Water Search and an Environmental Search. Frequently they also still require a search concerning Chancel Repair Liability. Even if you are a cash purchaser, the below searches should always be considered.

The title of a property will usually be investigated when the property is either being sold or leased out. The buyer or prospective tenant under a lease will want to establish whether the seller is legally able to transfer the title to the property that the seller has contracted to sell and that there are no defects in that title that would adversely affect the buyer’s interests.

A seller or landlord needs to establish whether there are any title defects which need to be resolved or disclosed to the buyer.

A lender taking security over the property needs to establish that there are no defects in title that might adversely affect the value of the property or the ability of the lender to sell the property to realise its security.

Putting a title policy in place
Where a title indemnity policy is required it is not uncommon for the insurer to require replies from the property owner to a number of enquiries relating to the defect that has been identified and for certain documents to be provided as evidence to assist in assessing the risk posed by the defect. For example, the seller may be required to provide planning documents, a statutory declaration confirming the use of the property or land over which rights are exercised, and copies of the titles affected by the defect.

A title indemnity policy will not remedy the title defect – instead it provides financial compensation in the event of the defect causing actual loss, subject to the limit of indemnity stated on the policy. This amount is usually the value of the property in question, the amount of the mortgage being obtained, or the gross development value of a site that is to be developed.

The default position is that commercial properties are exempt from VAT. This means that the purchase or leasing of the property would not attract VAT on the purchase price or rent.

However, it is not as simple as that and an owner of commercial property can elect to waive this exemption from VAT and choose to charge VAT on a property. This is known as the “option to tax”. The “option to tax” is a long term commitment as once made it cannot be revoked for 20 years (although there are circumstances where it may be revisited within six months of it being taken). Before making such a commitment it is important to consider the implications. To assist with this some points to consider are:

  • Input VAT cannot be recovered on an exempt property. As such exercising the option to tax can make commercial sense if VAT has or will be paid on construction costs, repairs or other works.
  • If an option of tax has been exercised over the property then VAT must be charged on any sale or letting (there are few exemptions). Some businesses cannot recover VAT and as such an elected building may be harder to market.
  • Stamp Duty is payable on the VAT inclusive rent or purchase price and therefore if VAT is payable on the purchase price it increases the amount of Stamp Duty payable. Again, this may make the property harder to market or lead to concessions on the sale price or rent.
  • If potential tenants and purchasers can recover VAT then VAT is less likely to be an issue. The tenant or purchaser may recover the VAT paid as input VAT and the requirement to pay VAT will be a matter of cash flow only.
  • An option to tax is personal and does not automatically pass with the building. A buyer of an opted property must also exercise their own option to tax if it wishes to recover the VAT on expenses relating to the property. Again, once the option is made that buyer would need to charge VAT on the rent and on future sale proceeds.

When considering buying or taking a lease of property it is important to find out the VAT status at an early stage. If VAT is payable there could be serious financial implications that you may not have factored into your budget and may test the financial viability of the planned acquisition.